Alto saxophones

Definition

Alto saxophones are a type of musical instrument belonging to the woodwind family, specifically designed in the early 1840s by Adolphe Sax. They are characterized by their conical shape and a range that sits between the soprano and tenor saxophones, making them a versatile choice for various musical genres, including jazz. In the context of big bands, alto saxophones often play crucial roles in harmonies and lead melodies, contributing to the overall texture and sound of the ensemble.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The alto saxophone is tuned in E♭ and has a range that typically extends from concert B♭3 to F♯6.
2. In big bands, there are often multiple alto saxophonists who share parts or play harmonies to enrich the sound.
3. The sound of the alto saxophone is often described as smooth and warm, making it ideal for melodic lines and improvisation.
4. Notable jazz musicians such as Charlie Parker and Cannonball Adderley have made significant contributions to the alto saxophone's prominence in jazz music.
5. The role of the alto saxophone in a big band can vary from playing lead melodies to supporting harmonies and even taking solos during performances.

Review Questions

• How does the range and tonal quality of the alto saxophone contribute to its role within a big band?
  • The alto saxophone's range allows it to sit comfortably between higher and lower instruments, which enables it to play both lead melodies and harmonies effectively. Its warm and smooth tone adds richness to big band arrangements, making it suitable for various musical styles. This versatility means that alto saxophonists can switch between playing melody lines and supporting other instruments seamlessly, enhancing the overall sound of the ensemble.
• Discuss how specific notable jazz musicians have influenced the use of the alto saxophone in big band settings.
  • Musicians like Charlie Parker and Cannonball Adderley significantly impacted the perception of the alto saxophone in jazz. Parker's innovative bebop style showcased the alto's potential for intricate improvisation, inspiring many musicians within big bands to adopt similar techniques. This evolution led to greater prominence of the alto saxophone in arrangements, with musicians pushing boundaries on melody lines and solos, ultimately shaping big band performances during the swing era.
• Evaluate the significance of the alto saxophone's role within the overall arrangement structure of a big band during the swing era.
  • The alto saxophone played an essential role in shaping the arrangement structure of big bands during the swing era. Its ability to blend harmonically with other instruments while also delivering strong melodic lines allowed for intricate orchestrations that defined this period. The presence of multiple altos in a section provided dynamic depth, enabling composers to create varied textures. The collaborative efforts between alto players contributed to innovative arrangements that showcased not just individual talent but also an ensemble's cohesive sound, which was crucial for successful performances during this vibrant time in jazz history.

Related terms

Big Band: A large musical ensemble that typically consists of brass, woodwinds, and rhythm section, popular in jazz music from the 1930s to the 1940s.

Saxophone Section: A group within a big band that includes various types of saxophones, commonly consisting of alto, tenor, and baritone saxophones, which work together to create rich harmonies.

Swing Era: A period in jazz history during the 1930s and 1940s characterized by big band music and swing dancing, where instruments like the alto saxophone played a pivotal role.