Battle of El Alamein

Definition

The Battle of El Alamein was a pivotal battle during World War II that took place in North Africa from October 23 to November 11, 1942. It marked a significant turning point in the Western Desert Campaign, as Allied forces, including New Zealand troops, successfully halted the advance of Axis forces led by General Erwin Rommel. This battle not only showcased New Zealand's military contributions but also helped to boost Allied morale and set the stage for subsequent offensives in North Africa.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The battle involved over 200,000 troops, with significant contributions from New Zealand, British, Indian, and Commonwealth forces against approximately 100,000 Axis troops.
2. New Zealand's contribution at El Alamein included the 2nd New Zealand Division, which played a key role in securing victory through strategic assaults.
3. The battle featured intense fighting, with both sides experiencing heavy casualties; the Allies lost around 13,500 men while Axis forces suffered about 50,000 casualties.
4. The success at El Alamein led to the beginning of a series of offensives that eventually resulted in the retreat of Axis forces from North Africa.
5. El Alamein is often regarded as one of the most decisive battles in World War II, representing a major strategic victory for the Allies and a significant blow to Axis morale.

Review Questions

• How did the Battle of El Alamein influence New Zealand's military reputation during World War II?
  • The Battle of El Alamein significantly bolstered New Zealand's military reputation as it showcased the effectiveness and bravery of the 2nd New Zealand Division. Their contributions played a critical role in the Allied victory against the Axis powers. This success not only highlighted New Zealand's commitment to the war effort but also established its military forces as capable allies on an international stage.
• What were the key strategies employed by the Allies during the Battle of El Alamein, and how did these strategies lead to their victory?
  • The Allies employed several key strategies during the Battle of El Alamein, including a well-coordinated artillery barrage to weaken enemy defenses and a series of carefully planned infantry assaults to exploit vulnerabilities. The Allies also utilized deception tactics to mislead Axis commanders about their true intentions. These combined efforts resulted in a significant breakthrough against Axis positions, ultimately leading to their victory.
• Evaluate the long-term implications of the Battle of El Alamein on the overall trajectory of World War II and its impact on New Zealand's post-war identity.
  • The Battle of El Alamein had profound long-term implications for World War II as it marked a turning point that shifted momentum towards the Allies in North Africa. The victory allowed for subsequent campaigns that would lead to the eventual defeat of Axis forces in the region. For New Zealand, this battle solidified its identity as a nation that contributed significantly to global military efforts, fostering a sense of pride and nationalism that influenced its post-war policies and international relations.

Related terms

Western Desert Campaign: A series of battles in North Africa between Axis and Allied forces from 1940 to 1943, which included key engagements like the Battle of El Alamein.

New Zealand Division: A formation of the New Zealand Army that played a crucial role in World War II, particularly noted for its contributions in battles such as El Alamein.

Operation Crusader: An Allied operation launched in November 1941 aimed at relieving the besieged city of Tobruk and pushing back Axis forces in North Africa, preceding the Battle of El Alamein.