Carbon capture and storage

Definition

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a technology designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) produced from the use of fossil fuels in electricity generation and industrial processes. This captured CO2 is then transported and stored underground in geological formations, preventing it from entering the atmosphere and contributing to climate change. CCS plays a crucial role in emission reduction technologies aimed at achieving global climate goals.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. CCS can capture up to 90% of CO2 emissions from power plants and industrial facilities, significantly reducing the carbon footprint.
2. The technology involves three main steps: capturing the CO2, transporting it to a storage site, and securely storing it underground.
3. There are several storage options for CO2, including depleted oil and gas fields, deep saline aquifers, and unmineable coal seams.
4. CCS not only helps mitigate climate change but can also enhance oil recovery when CO2 is injected into aging oil fields.
5. Despite its potential, CCS faces challenges such as high costs, the need for extensive infrastructure, and public acceptance regarding underground storage.

Review Questions

• How does carbon capture and storage contribute to emission reduction technologies?
  • Carbon capture and storage is a pivotal technology in the realm of emission reduction as it addresses one of the major sources of greenhouse gas emissions—fossil fuel combustion. By capturing up to 90% of CO2 emissions before they reach the atmosphere, CCS can significantly lower the carbon footprint of industrial processes and power generation. This direct approach to reducing emissions complements other strategies aimed at transitioning to cleaner energy sources.
• Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of implementing carbon capture and storage in industrial sectors.
  • The advantages of implementing carbon capture and storage in industrial sectors include substantial reductions in CO2 emissions, potential economic benefits through enhanced oil recovery, and compliance with stringent climate regulations. However, disadvantages include high capital costs, technological complexity, the need for extensive transportation and storage infrastructure, and uncertainties surrounding the long-term stability of stored CO2. Balancing these pros and cons is crucial for industries considering CCS.
• Critically assess the potential impact of carbon capture and storage on achieving global climate goals by 2050.
  • The potential impact of carbon capture and storage on achieving global climate goals by 2050 is significant yet complex. CCS could be essential for meeting emission reduction targets while still relying on fossil fuels during the transition to a low-carbon economy. However, its success depends on overcoming barriers such as cost-effectiveness, public perception, regulatory frameworks, and technological advancements. If implemented effectively alongside renewable energy adoption, CCS could play a critical role in mitigating climate change effects and fostering a sustainable future.

Related terms

Carbon dioxide: A colorless, odorless gas produced by burning fossil fuels and biomass, as well as through natural processes such as respiration and volcanic eruptions.

Geological storage: The process of injecting captured CO2 into deep underground rock formations for long-term storage, effectively isolating it from the atmosphere.

Renewable energy: Energy generated from natural processes that are continuously replenished, such as solar, wind, and hydropower, which can help reduce reliance on fossil fuels.