Pneuma is a Greek term often translated as 'breath' or 'spirit,' and it refers to the vital principle or life force that animates living beings. In ancient philosophy, particularly in the context of certain pre-Socratic thinkers and Stoic philosophy, pneuma is seen as a key element that connects the physical world to the metaphysical, embodying both the substance of air and a divine aspect of the cosmos. This concept serves as a bridge between material existence and spiritual understanding, influencing notions of the universe, human nature, and ethics.
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