Human Function Argument

Definition

The human function argument is a philosophical concept that seeks to define the good life by identifying the unique function of human beings. It suggests that achieving eudaimonia, or human flourishing, depends on fulfilling this specific function, which is often understood as rational activity in accordance with virtue. By connecting this idea to concepts of happiness and ethical living, it emphasizes that living well requires aligning one's actions with what is distinctly human.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The human function argument is primarily attributed to Aristotle, who articulated it in his work 'Nicomachean Ethics'.
2. According to Aristotle, the highest good for humans is eudaimonia, which can only be achieved by performing their function well.
3. Aristotle identifies rational activity as the distinctive function of humans, differentiating them from other living beings.
4. Virtue plays a crucial role in the human function argument; living virtuously aligns with performing one's rational function effectively.
5. The argument implies that fulfillment and happiness arise from cultivating virtues and engaging in rational activities that reflect one's nature as a human being.

Review Questions

• How does the human function argument connect the concepts of eudaimonia and rational activity?
  • The human function argument connects eudaimonia and rational activity by asserting that the ultimate goal of human life is to achieve eudaimonia through the performance of rational activities. Aristotle argues that eudaimonia is attained when individuals engage in activities that utilize their rational capacities fully, reflecting their unique nature. Therefore, rational activity becomes essential for reaching true happiness and fulfillment in life.
• In what ways does virtue play a role in fulfilling the human function according to Aristotle's perspective?
  • Virtue is central to fulfilling the human function as it embodies the qualities necessary for engaging in rational activities effectively. Aristotle posits that virtues enable individuals to act in accordance with reason, which is essential for achieving eudaimonia. By cultivating virtues such as courage, wisdom, and temperance, individuals can align their actions with their rational nature and ultimately lead a flourishing life.
• Evaluate the implications of the human function argument on contemporary discussions about ethics and personal fulfillment.
  • The human function argument has significant implications for modern ethics and notions of personal fulfillment by emphasizing the importance of character and virtue in leading a meaningful life. In contemporary discussions, this perspective challenges purely consequentialist or deontological frameworks by highlighting that true happiness cannot be achieved without considering the cultivation of virtues. This approach encourages individuals to reflect on their unique capacities and align their lives with their rational nature, thereby fostering deeper personal fulfillment and ethical living in society.

Related terms

Eudaimonia: Eudaimonia refers to a state of being that encompasses happiness, fulfillment, and flourishing, often considered the ultimate goal of human life in Greek philosophy.

Virtue Ethics: Virtue ethics is a moral theory that emphasizes the importance of character and virtues in ethical decision-making, rather than rules or consequences.

Rational Activity: Rational activity involves the use of reason and intellect to guide one's actions, which is seen as essential to fulfilling the unique function of humans.