Poseidon

Definition

Poseidon is the Greek god of the sea, earthquakes, and horses, often recognized as one of the Twelve Olympian deities. He was a powerful figure in ancient Greek mythology, representing not only the vastness of the ocean but also the unpredictable nature of water and its potential for both nurturing life and causing destruction. As a key member of the pantheon, he played an essential role in various myths and religious practices, including those linked to the Mycenaean civilization's beliefs about life after death.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Poseidon was known as 'Earth-Shaker' due to his ability to create earthquakes, highlighting his control over both land and sea.
2. He was worshipped at numerous coastal cities and sanctuaries, where people sought his favor for safe voyages and bountiful catches.
3. Poseidon is often depicted in art as a bearded man riding a chariot pulled by sea horses, emphasizing his connection to both horses and the ocean.
4. In Mycenaean religion, Poseidon's worship involved rituals that were performed to appease him, especially in connection with maritime activities and agricultural fertility.
5. He is famously known for his rivalry with Athena over the patronage of Athens, where he struck a rock with his trident to create a spring.

Review Questions

• How did Poseidon's characteristics influence his role within the pantheon of Greek gods?
  • Poseidon’s dominion over the sea and earthquakes positioned him as a formidable force among the Greek gods. His temperament mirrored that of the ocean: calm at times but capable of sudden fury, which made him both revered and feared. His relationships with other deities, particularly Zeus and Hades, were shaped by his power and the fundamental nature of water in Greek mythology.
• Discuss how Mycenaean religious practices related to Poseidon reflect broader cultural values of that civilization.
  • Mycenaean religious practices that included worshipping Poseidon reflect their reliance on the sea for trade, resources, and sustenance. Rituals aimed at appeasing Poseidon indicate a deep understanding of his influence on seafaring and agriculture. These practices also show how intertwined their societal structure was with natural elements, linking their agricultural success and maritime safety directly to divine favor.
• Evaluate Poseidon's impact on Greek culture beyond mythology, focusing on how he influenced art, architecture, and daily life.
  • Poseidon's influence extended into various aspects of Greek culture, including art and architecture. Temples dedicated to him were prominent in coastal cities, symbolizing not just reverence but also the importance of maritime trade in daily life. His image appeared in sculptures and pottery, emphasizing themes of strength and protection. Additionally, sailors would often pray for his favor before voyages, showcasing how deeply ingrained he was in the everyday concerns of ancient Greeks regarding nature's unpredictability.

Related terms

Zeus:

The king of the gods in Greek mythology, ruler of Mount Olympus, and god of the sky, thunder, and lightning.

Hades:

The god of the underworld and ruler of the realm of the dead, often associated with funerary practices and burial rituals.

Trident: A three-pronged spear that Poseidon is commonly depicted holding, symbolizing his authority over the sea.