National Historic Preservation Act

Definition

The National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) is a United States law enacted in 1966 that aims to preserve historical and archaeological sites. It established a framework for federal, state, and local governments to work together in identifying, protecting, and enhancing the nation’s cultural heritage. The act emphasizes the importance of considering the impact of federal projects on historic properties and encourages public participation in preservation efforts.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The NHPA was signed into law on October 15, 1966, as a response to growing concerns about urban development and the loss of historic properties.
2. The act established the National Register of Historic Places, which is a key component in recognizing and protecting significant historical sites across the country.
3. Section 106 of the NHPA requires federal agencies to assess how their projects may affect historic sites and seek public input during this evaluation.
4. The NHPA promotes collaboration between federal agencies, state governments, and local communities in preservation efforts, emphasizing a shared responsibility for cultural heritage.
5. In addition to protecting physical sites, the NHPA also encourages educational initiatives to raise awareness about the importance of preserving cultural heritage.

Review Questions

• How does the National Historic Preservation Act facilitate collaboration among different levels of government in preserving cultural heritage?
  • The National Historic Preservation Act creates a framework that encourages cooperation between federal, state, and local governments in identifying and protecting historic sites. By establishing guidelines like Section 106 review, it ensures that federal agencies must consider their impact on historic properties, prompting discussions with state historic preservation officers and local communities. This collaboration helps in recognizing the value of cultural heritage while balancing development needs.
• What role does the National Register of Historic Places play in the context of the National Historic Preservation Act?
  • The National Register of Historic Places is a critical aspect of the National Historic Preservation Act as it serves as an official list of significant historical sites worthy of protection. Being listed on the National Register can provide legal protections against destruction or alteration by federal projects and also opens up opportunities for funding and grants for preservation. This designation helps highlight the importance of cultural heritage across various communities.
• Evaluate the long-term implications of the National Historic Preservation Act on archaeological practices and cultural heritage management in the United States.
  • The National Historic Preservation Act has significantly shaped archaeological practices and cultural heritage management by establishing formal processes for evaluating and protecting historic resources. Over time, it has led to increased awareness and accountability regarding the impacts of development on archaeological sites. By mandating public involvement and creating mechanisms for preservation funding, the NHPA has fostered a culture of respect for history and archaeology that continues to influence how sites are managed today.

Related terms

Section 106 Review: A process mandated by the NHPA that requires federal agencies to consider the effects of their actions on historic properties and seek ways to avoid or mitigate any adverse effects.

State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO): A designated state official responsible for overseeing the preservation of historic properties within their state and ensuring compliance with the NHPA.

National Register of Historic Places: A list maintained by the National Park Service that includes districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation for their historical significance.