Mycenaean

Definition

The Mycenaean civilization was an ancient Greek culture that flourished during the Late Bronze Age, roughly from 1600 to 1100 BCE. Known for its impressive palatial architecture, advanced engineering, and sophisticated artwork, the Mycenaeans played a crucial role in the development of later Greek culture, particularly during the period of the collapse of Bronze Age civilizations.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Mycenaean civilization is often considered the first advanced Greek civilization, characterized by its monumental architecture and rich artistic achievements.
2. Mycenaeans engaged in extensive trade across the Mediterranean, which helped spread their cultural influences to other regions.
3. The collapse of the Mycenaean civilization around 1100 BCE is attributed to a combination of factors, including invasions, internal strife, and natural disasters.
4. Mycenaean society was hierarchical, with a king or 'wanax' at the top, supported by a class of nobles and skilled craftsmen.
5. Archaeological sites like Mycenae and Tiryns reveal sophisticated engineering techniques, including massive stone walls and complex drainage systems.

Review Questions

• How did the Mycenaean civilization influence later Greek culture?
  • The Mycenaean civilization laid foundational elements for later Greek culture through its advancements in art, architecture, and governance. Their palatial structures influenced the design of later Greek temples, while their use of Linear B as a writing system set the stage for Greek literacy. Additionally, their myths and legends, particularly surrounding figures like Agamemnon from the Trojan War, became integral to Greek identity in subsequent centuries.
• Discuss the significance of trade in the Mycenaean civilization and its impact on their development.
  • Trade was vital to the Mycenaean civilization, allowing them to acquire raw materials such as tin and copper needed for bronze production. This trade network extended throughout the Mediterranean, connecting them with other cultures such as the Minoans and Egyptians. The wealth generated from trade supported their palatial society, fostered cultural exchanges, and played a crucial role in their economic stability until their eventual collapse.
• Evaluate the multiple factors that contributed to the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization around 1100 BCE and how these factors interrelated.
  • The collapse of the Mycenaean civilization around 1100 BCE resulted from a complex interplay of factors including invasions by external groups such as the Sea Peoples, internal conflicts exacerbated by economic difficulties, and possibly climate change leading to famine. As trade routes were disrupted and palatial centers fell into disarray, local governance weakened significantly. These interrelated challenges not only led to political fragmentation but also marked the end of an era that influenced subsequent developments in ancient Greece.

Related terms

Linear B:

A syllabic script used by the Mycenaeans for writing in ancient Greek, primarily found on clay tablets and used for administrative purposes.

Palatial Society:

The social and political structure of Mycenaean civilization centered around large palace complexes that served as administrative and economic hubs.

Trojan War:

A legendary conflict between the Mycenaean Greeks and the city of Troy, which is famously depicted in Homer's epics and reflects Mycenaean values and culture.