Achilles

Definition

Achilles is a central figure in Greek mythology, known as one of the greatest warriors of the Trojan War and a key character in Homer's 'Iliad.' He is often portrayed as a demigod, being the son of the mortal king Peleus and the sea nymph Thetis, which gives him exceptional strength and fighting abilities. Achilles' story is pivotal in the mythological narrative of the Trojan War and reflects themes of heroism, honor, and the human condition.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Achilles was invulnerable except for his heel, which was exposed when his mother dipped him into the River Styx to make him immune to harm.
2. His fierce wrath and refusal to fight after being insulted by Agamemnon leads to significant losses for the Greek forces in the Trojan War.
3. The killing of his close friend Patroclus by Hector drives Achilles back into battle, marking a turning point in the war.
4. Achilles' tragic fate is sealed when Paris shoots him in the heel with an arrow guided by Apollo, leading to his death.
5. He is often seen as a complex character embodying both heroic ideals and human flaws, representing the struggle between personal honor and communal responsibility.

Review Questions

• How does Achilles’ character reflect the themes of heroism and honor within the context of Greek mythology?
  • Achilles embodies the ideals of heroism through his unmatched fighting skills and strength on the battlefield during the Trojan War. His sense of honor is deeply rooted in his identity; he seeks personal glory but also grapples with emotional conflicts stemming from pride and loss. This duality illustrates how heroes are often portrayed not just as invincible warriors but as individuals facing profound human emotions and moral dilemmas.
• Discuss the significance of Achilles' vulnerability in contrast to his legendary prowess as a warrior.
  • Achilles’ heel serves as a powerful symbol of vulnerability amid greatness, highlighting that even the strongest heroes possess weaknesses. This contrast is crucial in understanding that heroism doesn't equate to perfection; rather, it encompasses both strengths and flaws. His invulnerability in battle juxtaposed with his singular point of weakness emphasizes themes of mortality and the inevitable downfall that can accompany pride and anger.
• Evaluate how Achilles' relationships with other characters in 'The Iliad' shape his narrative arc and reflect broader themes of friendship and vengeance.
  • Achilles' relationships profoundly influence his journey throughout 'The Iliad,' particularly his bond with Patroclus, whose death propels Achilles back into battle with a thirst for vengeance against Hector. This connection highlights themes of loyalty and grief while illustrating how personal relationships can drive heroic actions. The impact of loss pushes Achilles toward an existential crisis that intertwines personal honor with collective fate, making his story resonate beyond mere warfare into deep emotional territories.

Related terms

Hector:

Hector is a Trojan prince and the greatest warrior for Troy in the Trojan War, known for his noble character and tragic fate in battle against Achilles.

The Iliad:

An ancient Greek epic poem attributed to Homer, detailing the events of the Trojan War, focusing on Achilles' rage and its consequences.

Achilles' Heel: A term derived from Achilles’ mythology, referring to his only vulnerable spot, symbolizing a weakness in an otherwise strong character.