Entablature

Definition

An entablature is a horizontal structure that rests on columns and is composed of three main sections: the architrave, frieze, and cornice. This architectural feature is essential in classical Greek and Roman buildings, as it provides a visual and structural connection between the columns and the roof or pediment above. The design of entablatures reflects the aesthetic ideals of harmony and proportion prevalent in ancient architecture.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Entablatures are crucial in classical architecture, serving not just an aesthetic purpose but also providing structural support to the roof or pediment.
2. In Greek temples, entablatures often feature decorative elements like triglyphs and metopes, enhancing their visual appeal and conveying cultural symbolism.
3. The proportion and design of entablatures vary among different architectural orders (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian), reflecting the unique characteristics of each style.
4. The use of entablatures continued in Roman architecture, where they were often more elaborate and included additional decorative features compared to their Greek counterparts.
5. Entablatures have influenced modern architectural designs, where similar horizontal structures are used to create a sense of continuity and elegance in building facades.

Review Questions

• How does the design of an entablature reflect the architectural principles found in ancient Greece?
  • The design of an entablature embodies the architectural principles of harmony and proportion that were central to ancient Greek architecture. Each section of the entablature—architrave, frieze, and cornice—works together to create a balanced and cohesive appearance. Additionally, the decorative elements commonly found on Greek entablatures, such as triglyphs and metopes, enhance the overall aesthetic and convey cultural narratives important to Greek society.
• Analyze the differences between Greek and Roman entablatures in terms of decoration and structural elements.
  • Greek entablatures typically exhibit a more restrained aesthetic with simpler decorative motifs, while Roman entablatures often incorporate more elaborate designs, including intricate carvings and additional ornamental features. This difference reflects broader shifts in artistic expression between the two cultures; Romans tended to embrace grandeur and complexity in their architecture. The use of arches and vaults in Roman architecture also meant that entablatures had to accommodate different structural needs compared to Greek designs.
• Evaluate the impact of entablatures on modern architecture and how they continue to influence building design today.
  • Entablatures have significantly impacted modern architecture by inspiring designers to incorporate horizontal structures that provide visual continuity and elegance. Many contemporary buildings feature variations of traditional entablatures to evoke classical ideals while adapting them to modern aesthetics. This fusion demonstrates how ancient architectural principles can be reinterpreted to enhance contemporary designs, emphasizing that concepts like balance, proportion, and ornamentation remain relevant across time.

Related terms

Architrave: The lowest section of the entablature, directly resting on the capitals of the columns, often decorated with inscriptions or reliefs.

Frieze: The middle section of the entablature, which may be plain or richly adorned with relief sculptures or decorative motifs, serving as a visual narrative.

Cornice: The uppermost section of the entablature, projecting outward to throw rainwater off the building while adding an ornamental finish.