Emperor Augustus, originally known as Gaius Octavius, was the first Roman emperor who reigned from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He established the Roman Empire after the fall of the Roman Republic and implemented extensive reforms that transformed Rome's political structure, economy, and military organization. His reign marked a period of relative peace known as the Pax Romana, during which trade and infrastructure flourished, greatly impacting transportation across the empire.
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