Arch

Definition

An arch is a structural element that spans an opening and supports weight, typically constructed from wedge-shaped blocks called voussoirs. This architectural innovation allowed for the creation of larger and more stable structures, significantly impacting city planning and the aesthetics of urban environments in ancient times.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The arch first appeared in Mesopotamian architecture but was perfected by the Romans, who extensively used it in their buildings and infrastructure.
2. In Roman cities, arches were not only functional but also served as decorative elements in triumphal arches and gateways.
3. The use of arches allowed for the construction of massive structures like aqueducts and amphitheaters, showcasing engineering prowess.
4. Arches contributed to the development of new architectural styles, influencing later periods such as Romanesque and Gothic architecture.
5. The principles behind the arch are still applied in modern architecture and engineering, showcasing its lasting legacy.

Review Questions

• How did the invention of the arch impact architectural design in ancient cities?
  • The invention of the arch revolutionized architectural design by allowing builders to create larger openings without compromising structural integrity. This innovation enabled architects to develop expansive public spaces and impressive structures such as temples and amphitheaters. In addition, the aesthetic appeal of arches contributed to the grandeur of urban environments, influencing city planning and public monuments.
• Discuss how arches were utilized in Roman infrastructure and what this reveals about their engineering capabilities.
  • In Roman infrastructure, arches were integral to constructing aqueducts, bridges, and monumental structures like the Colosseum. Their ability to support heavy loads while spanning wide gaps demonstrated advanced engineering capabilities. The Romans mastered the use of arches not just for functionality but also for aesthetic purposes, which reflected their engineering prowess and contributed to urban development.
• Evaluate the long-term influence of the arch on architectural styles throughout history.
  • The arch has had a profound long-term influence on architectural styles from antiquity through modern times. Its initial use by the Romans laid the groundwork for later developments in Gothic architecture, where pointed arches became a hallmark feature. The principles of load distribution established by arches continue to inform contemporary architecture, illustrating how ancient innovations can shape building practices across different cultures and eras.

Related terms

Vault: A vault is an extension of the arch, forming a roof or ceiling over a space, allowing for more expansive interior areas in buildings.

Keystone: The keystone is the central stone at the top of an arch that locks the other stones in place, crucial for distributing weight and ensuring stability.

Aqueduct:

An aqueduct is a bridge-like structure that carries water over obstacles, often utilizing arches to support the elevated channels.