Ara Pacis

Definition

The Ara Pacis, or Altar of Peace, is a monumental altar dedicated to Pax, the Roman goddess of peace. Constructed between 13 and 9 BCE during the reign of Emperor Augustus, this impressive structure symbolizes the peace and prosperity that Augustus sought to establish throughout the Roman Empire, reflecting his political power and ideals through public monuments and sculpture.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Ara Pacis is adorned with intricate relief sculptures depicting mythological and historical scenes, including representations of Aeneas, the founder of Rome, emphasizing Augustus's divine lineage.
2. The altar was originally situated in the Field of Mars, an area dedicated to military training and activities, symbolizing the connection between military success and peace.
3. The structure was designed to be viewed from all sides, highlighting its importance as a public monument meant to be accessible to the Roman populace.
4. The Ara Pacis was partially buried for centuries due to urban development in Rome, which helped preserve it until its rediscovery in the early 20th century.
5. In modern times, the altar has been placed in a museum designed by architect Richard Meier, emphasizing its significance as a symbol of Augustus's legacy and Roman art.

Review Questions

• How does the design and decoration of the Ara Pacis reflect Augustus's political ideals?
  • The design of the Ara Pacis features carefully arranged relief sculptures that convey themes of peace, prosperity, and divine favor. By depicting figures such as Aeneas and scenes that illustrate important moments in Roman mythology, the altar reinforces Augustus's image as a leader who restores peace and stability. The detailed artistry not only enhances its aesthetic appeal but also serves to communicate Augustus’s vision for Rome and his desire to connect himself with its foundational myths.
• Discuss the cultural significance of the Ara Pacis within the context of Augustan Rome and its public monuments.
  • The Ara Pacis stands as a key example of Augustan propaganda aimed at promoting a narrative of peace following years of civil war. As part of a broader campaign that included various public monuments and sculpture, it reflects how Augustus utilized art to communicate his achievements and ideals. This approach helped reshape Roman identity during this transformative period, positioning Augustus not just as a ruler but as a savior of Rome who restored its values and traditions through peaceful means.
• Evaluate how the discovery and modern presentation of the Ara Pacis have influenced contemporary interpretations of Roman history and culture.
  • The discovery of the Ara Pacis and its modern presentation have significantly impacted how scholars and the public perceive Augustan Rome. The meticulous preservation efforts in designing a dedicated museum have highlighted the altar's artistic and historical value, allowing for deeper analysis of its role in Roman culture. This contemporary framing encourages discussions about how public monuments functioned as tools of political messaging in ancient times, influencing modern understandings of power, art, and societal values throughout history.

Related terms

Pax Romana:

A long period of relative peace and stability across the Roman Empire that lasted approximately from 27 BCE to 180 CE, initiated by Augustus.

Augustus:

The first Roman emperor, who ruled from 27 BCE until his death in 14 CE, known for initiating the Pax Romana and significant cultural and architectural developments in Rome.

Relief Sculpture: A sculptural technique where figures are carved into a background surface, often used in public monuments to convey narratives and celebrate achievements.