Protective coatings are specialized materials applied to surfaces to prevent corrosion, wear, and damage from environmental factors. These coatings play a critical role in preserving artifacts, particularly those recovered from underwater or harsh environments, by providing a barrier that shields them from moisture, salts, and biological agents that could lead to deterioration. In the context of historical artifacts like the Antikythera Mechanism, protective coatings are vital for ensuring their longevity and maintaining their structural integrity during and after recovery.
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