National Historic Preservation Act

Definition

The National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) is a U.S. law enacted in 1966 aimed at preserving historical and archaeological sites across the country. It established a framework for protecting significant cultural resources, requiring federal agencies to consider the impact of their actions on historic properties. The act emphasizes the importance of collaboration between government entities, local communities, and preservation advocates to safeguard cultural heritage for future generations.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The NHPA was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on October 15, 1966, marking a significant step in the federal commitment to historic preservation.
2. The act created the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, which provides guidance and oversight for federal preservation programs and policies.
3. Federal agencies are required to consult with state historic preservation offices and tribes during the Section 106 Review process to ensure consideration of cultural impacts.
4. The NHPA promotes public participation in the preservation process, encouraging local communities to engage in preserving their own cultural heritage.
5. The act has led to thousands of properties being added to the National Register of Historic Places, thereby recognizing their importance to American history and culture.

Review Questions

• How does the National Historic Preservation Act influence ethical practices in archaeology?
  • The National Historic Preservation Act plays a crucial role in shaping ethical practices within archaeology by establishing legal frameworks that prioritize the protection of historical and cultural sites. Archaeologists must adhere to Section 106 Review requirements, ensuring that their work considers potential impacts on significant properties. This aligns with ethical standards that advocate for the responsible stewardship of cultural heritage and emphasizes collaboration with affected communities and stakeholders in the preservation process.
• Discuss how the NHPA impacts cultural resource management strategies at federal and state levels.
  • The NHPA significantly influences cultural resource management by mandating federal agencies to assess the impact of their projects on historic properties. This requirement ensures that preservation considerations are integrated into planning processes. At the state level, state historic preservation offices are empowered to develop strategies that align with national standards while addressing local priorities. Together, these layers create a comprehensive approach to managing and protecting cultural resources across different jurisdictions.
• Evaluate the long-term effects of the National Historic Preservation Act on American society's view of its cultural heritage.
  • The National Historic Preservation Act has profoundly shaped American society's perspective on its cultural heritage by fostering a greater awareness and appreciation for historical sites and archaeological resources. As thousands of properties have been recognized and preserved through the NHPA, communities have developed a stronger sense of identity tied to their local history. This act has also stimulated public discourse about what constitutes significant heritage, encouraging diverse narratives that include previously marginalized voices. In turn, this has led to increased advocacy for preservation efforts, helping to ensure that cultural heritage is valued and protected for future generations.

Related terms

Section 106 Review: A key provision of the NHPA that requires federal agencies to assess the effects of their projects on historic properties and seek ways to avoid or minimize harm.

National Register of Historic Places: A list maintained by the National Park Service that recognizes buildings, sites, districts, and objects deemed worthy of preservation for their historical significance.

Cultural Resource Management: A professional field focused on the preservation and management of cultural resources, including archaeological sites, historic buildings, and landscapes.