Machu Picchu

Definition

Machu Picchu is an ancient Inca city located in the Andes Mountains of Peru, believed to have been built in the 15th century and later abandoned during the Spanish Conquest. Known for its remarkable architecture and engineering, it showcases the advanced techniques of the Inca civilization while also raising questions about conservation efforts and sustainable tourism in the modern era.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Machu Picchu was constructed using a technique known as ashlar masonry, where stones are cut to fit together tightly without mortar, making it resilient to earthquakes.
2. The site features advanced agricultural terracing, which helped the Incas grow crops in the challenging mountainous environment.
3. Machu Picchu is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognized for its cultural significance and exceptional preservation.
4. The city is often referred to as the 'Lost City of the Incas' due to its remote location and initial obscurity after being abandoned.
5. Sustainable tourism practices are now being emphasized at Machu Picchu to protect its fragile ecosystem and archaeological integrity while accommodating growing visitor numbers.

Review Questions

• How does Machu Picchu exemplify Inca architecture and engineering techniques?
  • Machu Picchu exemplifies Inca architecture through its use of ashlar masonry, where precisely cut stones fit together without mortar. This technique not only provided structural stability but also showcased the Incas' advanced understanding of geology and building methods. The site features intricate terracing for agriculture, which demonstrates their innovative approaches to farming in steep mountainous terrain.
• What challenges do conservation efforts face at Machu Picchu due to tourism, and what measures are being taken to address these challenges?
  • Conservation efforts at Machu Picchu face significant challenges due to high tourist traffic that can damage both the site and its surrounding environment. Overcrowding can lead to erosion, waste management issues, and wear on archaeological features. To address these challenges, authorities are implementing measures such as visitor quotas, guided tours, and promoting sustainable practices that aim to protect this important cultural heritage while still allowing people to experience its historical significance.
• Evaluate Hiram Bingham's impact on the perception and preservation of Machu Picchu after his rediscovery of the site.
  • Hiram Bingham's rediscovery of Machu Picchu in 1911 significantly impacted both the perception and preservation of the site. His expedition brought global attention to this incredible Inca city, leading to increased interest in Inca history and culture. However, Bingham's actions also sparked debates about ownership and preservation strategies, as some critics argue that his methods led to damage and looting. Overall, his work catalyzed subsequent archaeological studies and conservation efforts that strive to balance public interest with preservation needs.

Related terms

Inca Empire: A powerful empire that existed in South America from the early 15th century until the Spanish conquest in the 16th century, known for its extensive road systems and impressive stone architecture.

Terracing: A method used by the Incas to create flat areas on steep terrain for agriculture, which helped to maximize arable land and manage water resources.

Hiram Bingham: An American explorer credited with bringing international attention to Machu Picchu after his expedition in 1911, leading to its rediscovery and subsequent study.