Eratosthenes

Definition

Eratosthenes was an ancient Greek mathematician, astronomer, and geographer, best known for calculating the Earth's circumference with remarkable accuracy. His work demonstrated the application of mathematical principles to geographical and astronomical observations, reflecting the scientific and literary achievements of his time.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Eratosthenes served as the chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria, which was one of the largest and most significant libraries of the ancient world.
2. He invented a method called 'Eratosthenes' sieve' for finding prime numbers, which is still taught in mathematics today.
3. His calculation of the Earth's circumference was approximately 39,375 kilometers (24,662 miles), remarkably close to modern measurements.
4. Eratosthenes also contributed to understanding the tilt of the Earth's axis and its effect on seasons, enhancing knowledge in both geography and astronomy.
5. He is often regarded as one of the earliest proponents of using mathematics to solve real-world problems, showcasing how science and literature intertwined during his time.

Review Questions

• How did Eratosthenes use mathematical principles to achieve his calculations regarding the Earth?
  • Eratosthenes used geometry and simple measurements to calculate the Earth's circumference. By comparing the angle of the sun's rays at two different locations in Egypt during the summer solstice, he was able to estimate the distance between those locations. This method not only showcased his mathematical prowess but also illustrated how mathematics could be applied to practical geographical questions.
• In what ways did Eratosthenes' work influence later scientific thought and exploration?
  • Eratosthenes' innovative methods for calculating distances and understanding the Earth's dimensions laid foundational principles for later explorers and scientists. His use of observational data combined with mathematical calculations encouraged future generations to approach geography and astronomy systematically. This scientific approach influenced both navigation and cartography as exploration expanded during the Middle Ages and beyond.
• Evaluate the significance of Eratosthenes' contributions to science in relation to cultural advancements in Hellenistic society.
  • Eratosthenes' contributions significantly impacted scientific thought during the Hellenistic era by merging literature, mathematics, and empirical observation. His work exemplified a shift toward rational inquiry and systematic investigation in understanding the world. This blending of disciplines not only enriched knowledge but also stimulated cultural advancements, as societies began to value education and intellectual pursuits more than ever before, paving the way for future scientific developments.

Related terms

Circumference: The distance around a circle, which Eratosthenes calculated for the Earth using measurements and geometry.

Geography: The field of study that Eratosthenes contributed to, focusing on the Earth's physical features and the spatial relationships between places.

Alexandria: The ancient city where Eratosthenes lived and worked, which was a center of learning and culture in the Hellenistic world.