Tempera

Definition

Tempera is a painting medium made from pigments mixed with a water-soluble binder, such as egg yolk. This technique became particularly popular during the International Gothic style, which was characterized by its intricate details and vibrant colors. Tempera allowed artists to create fine lines and a smooth finish, making it ideal for the delicate and ornate designs often seen in Gothic painting and sculpture.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Tempera was commonly used on wooden panels, providing a sturdy base that enhanced the vibrancy and durability of the artwork.
2. The use of egg yolk as a binder in tempera creates a fast-drying paint that results in a matte finish, which can be layered to achieve depth.
3. Artists during the International Gothic period often mixed tempera with other materials like gold or silver to create illuminated effects.
4. Tempera paintings are generally less flexible than oil paintings, making them more prone to cracking over time if not properly cared for.
5. The revival of interest in tempera occurred during the Renaissance when artists sought to combine traditional methods with new techniques.

Review Questions

• How did the use of tempera influence the artistic techniques seen in the International Gothic style?
  • The use of tempera greatly influenced artistic techniques in the International Gothic style by allowing artists to achieve intricate details and a range of vibrant colors. This medium's quick drying time enabled the layering of colors, which enhanced depth and luminosity. Additionally, tempera's ability to produce fine lines was particularly effective for creating elaborate patterns and delicate designs commonly found in Gothic artworks.
• Discuss the advantages and limitations of using tempera compared to oil paint within the context of Gothic art.
  • Tempera offered several advantages over oil paint, such as faster drying times and a matte finish that worked well for detailed work typical of Gothic art. It allowed artists to layer colors effectively without muddying them. However, tempera had limitations; it was less flexible than oil paint, making it more susceptible to cracking, and it did not have the same richness or depth of color. These factors influenced artists' choices regarding mediums as they transitioned into later periods.
• Evaluate how the combination of tempera with gilding in Gothic art contributed to the overall aesthetic and meaning of artworks from this period.
  • The combination of tempera with gilding in Gothic art significantly enriched both the aesthetic appeal and symbolic meaning of artworks. Gilding added a luxurious element, enhancing visual richness and drawing attention to important figures or motifs. When combined with the smooth textures achieved through tempera, these elements created an ethereal quality that resonated with spiritual themes prevalent during this time. This blend of techniques not only showcased technical skill but also reflected the cultural emphasis on divine beauty and religious devotion in Gothic art.

Related terms

Fresco: A technique of mural painting on freshly laid wet plaster, allowing pigments to bond with the wall as it dries.

Gilding: The application of gold leaf or gold paint to a surface, often used in combination with tempera to enhance visual richness.

Oil Paint: A medium made from pigments suspended in oil, which gained popularity later for its versatility and richness compared to tempera.