Norman Architecture

Definition

Norman architecture is a style that emerged in the 11th century as a result of the Norman conquest of England. It is characterized by its massive stone structures, rounded arches, and thick walls, reflecting the military strength and the influence of Romanesque design. This architectural style laid the groundwork for the development of Gothic architecture in England, showcasing an evolution in building techniques and aesthetic principles.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Norman architecture introduced innovations like the use of ribbed vaults and flying buttresses, which would later influence Gothic structures.
2. Key examples of Norman architecture include the Tower of London and Durham Cathedral, showcasing its characteristic features like thick walls and round arches.
3. The style was heavily influenced by Roman architectural elements, integrating aspects such as large stone blocks and grand entranceways.
4. During the transition to Gothic architecture, Norman buildings began to incorporate larger windows and more intricate designs while still retaining some Romanesque features.
5. Norman architecture played a significant role in establishing a sense of power and authority for the Normans in England following their conquest.

Review Questions

• How did Norman architecture influence the development of Gothic architecture in England?
  • Norman architecture set the foundation for Gothic architecture through its use of robust structures and innovative building techniques. The transition included adaptations like larger windows and pointed arches, which improved light and aesthetic appeal. The evolution from thick walls typical in Norman buildings to the more delicate structures in Gothic design showcased a significant shift in architectural priorities, merging strength with elegance.
• Discuss how Norman architecture reflects the political power and cultural influences of the Normans in England during the 11th century.
  • Norman architecture reflects both military power and cultural sophistication as it combined Roman influences with local building traditions. The construction of imposing structures like castles and cathedrals symbolized the authority and dominance of Norman rule after the conquest. These buildings not only served functional purposes but also acted as statements of power, showcasing the Normans' intent to establish their identity within English society.
• Evaluate the lasting impacts of Norman architecture on subsequent architectural movements in Europe.
  • The impacts of Norman architecture are evident in its influence on later styles, particularly through its contribution to the evolution of Gothic architecture. Its robust construction techniques paved the way for innovations like flying buttresses and vaulted ceilings that became hallmarks of Gothic cathedrals. Moreover, elements from Norman designs continued to inform medieval European architecture overall, affecting regional styles even beyond England. The blending of functionality with artistic expression seen in Norman structures has inspired generations of architects throughout history.

Related terms

Romanesque Architecture: A style of architecture that preceded Gothic architecture, known for its semi-circular arches, robust structure, and decorative arcading.

Bayeux Tapestry: An embroidered cloth depicting the events leading up to the Norman conquest of England in 1066, providing insight into Norman culture and history.

Keep: The central tower of a medieval castle, often part of a fortification, reflecting the military function of Norman architecture.