Aquifer thermal energy storage

Definition

Aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) is a technology that utilizes underground aquifers to store and retrieve thermal energy for heating and cooling applications. This method involves injecting hot or cold water into the aquifer during periods of surplus energy, which is then extracted when needed, helping to balance energy demands and reduce reliance on fossil fuels.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. ATES systems can significantly improve energy efficiency by storing excess thermal energy generated from renewable sources like solar or wind.
2. The technology allows for seasonal storage, meaning heat can be stored in summer and used in winter, optimizing energy use throughout the year.
3. Aquifer properties, such as permeability and porosity, play a critical role in the effectiveness of ATES systems, influencing how well energy can be stored and retrieved.
4. ATES can help reduce peak energy demand, which is essential for minimizing stress on the electrical grid during high usage periods.
5. Environmental impacts are typically low with ATES systems as they do not require large surface installations or extensive land use compared to other energy storage methods.

Review Questions

• How does aquifer thermal energy storage improve energy efficiency compared to traditional heating and cooling methods?
  • Aquifer thermal energy storage enhances energy efficiency by utilizing natural underground aquifers to store excess thermal energy during periods of low demand. This stored energy can then be retrieved when needed, reducing the reliance on traditional heating and cooling methods that often rely on fossil fuels. By optimizing the use of renewable energy sources like solar and wind, ATES helps balance supply and demand while minimizing greenhouse gas emissions.
• Discuss the role of aquifer characteristics in the effectiveness of aquifer thermal energy storage systems.
  • The effectiveness of aquifer thermal energy storage systems largely depends on the characteristics of the aquifer, including its permeability and porosity. These properties determine how easily water can flow through the aquifer and how much thermal energy can be stored. High permeability allows for efficient injection and extraction of water, while adequate porosity ensures sufficient space for storing thermal energy. Understanding these geological factors is crucial for designing effective ATES systems.
• Evaluate the potential environmental impacts of implementing aquifer thermal energy storage in urban areas.
  • Implementing aquifer thermal energy storage in urban areas can present several potential environmental impacts that need careful evaluation. While ATES generally has low ecological footprints compared to conventional energy systems, concerns may arise regarding groundwater quality, local ecosystems, and land use. Proper site assessments and monitoring are essential to ensure that the injection and extraction processes do not negatively affect groundwater resources or disrupt local habitats. Additionally, integration with existing infrastructure should be considered to optimize benefits while minimizing adverse effects.

Related terms

Ground source heat pump: A system that transfers heat to or from the ground, using the stable temperature of the earth to efficiently heat or cool buildings.

Thermal energy storage: A technology that stores thermal energy for later use, allowing for the management of energy supply and demand over time.

Hydrogeology: The study of the distribution and movement of groundwater in the soil and rocks of the Earth's crust, which is crucial for understanding aquifers.