White dwarfs are the remnants of stars that have exhausted their nuclear fuel and undergone a gravitational collapse, leading to a small, dense, and hot stellar core. These stars typically have a mass similar to that of the Sun but are packed into a volume comparable to that of Earth, resulting in extremely high densities. As white dwarfs cool over time, they eventually fade away, playing a critical role in the universe's fate as part of the process leading to heat death.
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