The lambda cold dark matter model, often abbreviated as \( \Lambda CDM \), is the prevailing cosmological model that describes the large-scale structure and evolution of the universe. It combines the effects of a cosmological constant, denoted by \( \Lambda \), which represents dark energy, with cold dark matter, a non-baryonic form of matter that interacts only through gravity, playing a crucial role in shaping cosmic structures like galaxies and clusters.
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