Elmer Rice

Definition

Elmer Rice was an influential American playwright and director known for his significant contributions to the Expressionist movement in theater during the early 20th century. He is best known for his groundbreaking plays that often explored themes of social criticism and the human condition, challenging conventional narrative structures and theatrical forms. Rice's innovative use of dramatic techniques helped to shape the landscape of modern American theater and made him a pivotal figure in the development of Expressionism.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Elmer Rice was born on September 28, 1892, in Syracuse, New York, and became a prominent figure in American theater during the 1920s and 1930s.
2. His play 'The Adding Machine' is considered a classic example of Expressionist theater and reflects his concern with the impact of industrialization on human relationships.
3. Rice's work often featured unconventional narrative structures, breaking away from linear storytelling to reflect the complexities of modern life.
4. He was also a key advocate for theatrical reform, pushing for greater artistic freedom and innovation in American playwriting.
5. In addition to his work as a playwright, Rice was involved in various political movements and wrote extensively about social justice issues, influencing future generations of playwrights.

Review Questions

• How did Elmer Rice's innovative techniques influence the development of Expressionism in theater?
  • Elmer Rice's innovative techniques were pivotal in shaping Expressionism by introducing unconventional narrative structures and dramatic forms that broke away from traditional storytelling. His work emphasized emotional experiences and psychological depth, which were hallmarks of Expressionist theater. By using elements like fragmented dialogue and abstract staging, Rice helped convey complex human emotions and social critiques, significantly impacting the way stories were told on stage.
• Discuss the themes present in Elmer Rice's play 'The Adding Machine' and their relevance to contemporary society.
  • 'The Adding Machine' explores themes such as alienation, identity, and the dehumanizing effects of technology on individuals. These themes remain relevant today as society grapples with rapid technological advancements that often lead to feelings of isolation. By showcasing characters who struggle against mechanization and societal expectations, Rice highlights the ongoing tension between human experience and industrial progress, prompting audiences to reflect on their own lives in an increasingly automated world.
• Evaluate Elmer Rice's contributions to American theater in terms of social critique and artistic innovation.
  • Elmer Rice's contributions to American theater are significant both in terms of social critique and artistic innovation. His works challenged societal norms and addressed pressing social issues such as industrialization, alienation, and identity crises. Artistically, Rice pushed the boundaries of conventional theater by employing techniques typical of Expressionism, such as non-linear narratives and symbolic imagery. This blend of thoughtful commentary with innovative form not only transformed American playwriting but also laid the groundwork for future generations to explore complex themes in new ways.

Related terms

Expressionism: A modernist movement in art and literature that seeks to represent emotional experiences rather than physical reality, often using exaggerated imagery and distorted forms.

The Adding Machine: One of Elmer Rice's most famous plays, published in 1923, which critiques the dehumanizing effects of technology and explores themes of alienation and identity.

Social Realism: An artistic movement focused on depicting everyday life and social issues, often highlighting the struggles of the working class and advocating for social change.