Prepared piano

Definition

A prepared piano is a traditional piano that has been altered by placing objects between or on the strings to create new and unusual sounds. This technique expands the instrument's sonic possibilities and is a hallmark of experimental music, illustrating the move away from conventional composition towards innovative sound exploration.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. John Cage popularized the prepared piano technique in the 1940s, viewing it as a way to transform the piano into a percussion ensemble.
2. The preparation can include items such as screws, rubber, paper, or cloth placed on or between strings to create different timbres.
3. The concept of a prepared piano reflects Cage's broader philosophy of breaking down the barriers between musical genres and traditional performance practices.
4. Prepared piano compositions often feature not just melodic lines but complex rhythmic patterns and textures, expanding the definition of piano music.
5. The prepared piano has influenced various genres beyond classical music, including avant-garde, jazz, and contemporary experimental compositions.

Review Questions

• How does the technique of prepared piano exemplify the characteristics of experimental music?
  • The prepared piano exemplifies experimental music by redefining what is possible within traditional forms and instruments. By altering the piano's sound through preparations, musicians expand its sonic range, embracing new textures and timbres. This aligns with experimental music's goal of exploring unconventional sounds and pushing the boundaries of musical expression beyond established norms.
• In what ways did John Cage's philosophy influence the use of prepared piano in his compositions?
  • John Cage's philosophy emphasized chance and indeterminacy, which significantly influenced his use of prepared piano. He viewed the act of preparation as a way to introduce unpredictability into performances, allowing each rendition to be unique. Cage believed that every sound could be musical, transforming the role of the pianist from mere performer to an active creator of new sound worlds.
• Evaluate how prepared piano serves as a bridge between traditional composition techniques and more avant-garde approaches in music.
  • Prepared piano serves as a bridge between traditional composition techniques and avant-garde approaches by integrating conventional instrumental practice with innovative sound creation. While rooted in piano performance, it encourages composers to experiment with texture, rhythm, and non-harmonic sounds, reflecting a shift in contemporary music towards inclusivity in sound design. This blending showcases how experimental techniques can coexist with traditional forms, expanding both avenues for composers and listeners.

Related terms

Extended Techniques:

Non-traditional methods of playing an instrument that create new sounds, such as bowing, striking, or using objects to alter sound production.

Indeterminacy:

A principle in which some aspects of a musical performance are left to chance, allowing for varied interpretations and outcomes each time the piece is played.

Sound Sculpture: An art form that combines visual art and sound, often creating physical installations that produce sound when interacted with.