Genetic rescue

Definition

Genetic rescue is the process by which the genetic diversity of a small, inbred population is increased by introducing individuals from a different population. This increase in genetic variation can improve the population's survival and adaptability, particularly when facing environmental changes, diseases, or inbreeding depression. It connects closely to hybrid speciation, measuring genetic variation, and responses to climate change as it helps bolster the genetic health of populations in challenging circumstances.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Genetic rescue can help prevent extinction by improving the genetic diversity of endangered species and enhancing their ability to adapt to changing environments.
2. The success of genetic rescue efforts often depends on the degree of genetic similarity between the source and recipient populations.
3. It has been shown that genetic rescue can lead to increased reproductive success and overall population health.
4. Genetic rescue is particularly important in small populations that have lost diversity due to habitat fragmentation or other human activities.
5. Incorporating individuals from genetically distinct populations can enhance resilience against diseases and environmental stresses.

Review Questions

• How does genetic rescue improve the chances of survival for small populations facing inbreeding depression?
  • Genetic rescue improves survival chances for small populations by introducing new genetic material that increases genetic diversity. This helps counteract the negative effects of inbreeding depression, which can reduce fitness and increase susceptibility to disease. By enhancing genetic variation, populations become more adaptable to environmental changes and have a higher likelihood of successful reproduction.
• Discuss how hybridization plays a role in the concept of genetic rescue and its implications for conservation efforts.
  • Hybridization can facilitate genetic rescue by allowing for the exchange of genes between different populations. This can introduce beneficial alleles into a small, inbred population, enhancing its overall genetic health. Conservation efforts often consider hybridization strategies as a tool for increasing biodiversity and restoring endangered species, making it a critical factor in managing and protecting wildlife.
• Evaluate the potential risks and benefits associated with implementing genetic rescue in response to climate change challenges faced by certain species.
  • Implementing genetic rescue in response to climate change can offer significant benefits, such as increasing a species' adaptability and resilience to new environmental stresses. However, there are potential risks, including the possibility of outbreeding depression if introduced individuals are not well-suited to local conditions. Evaluating these risks against the potential for improved survival is crucial for making informed decisions about conservation strategies in a rapidly changing world.

Related terms

Inbreeding Depression: A reduction in biological fitness due to breeding between closely related individuals, leading to a higher likelihood of harmful genetic traits.

Hybridization: The process of crossing individuals from different populations or species, which can lead to increased genetic diversity and potential new adaptations.

Adaptive Evolution: The process through which populations become better suited to their environments through natural selection acting on heritable traits.