Barnett Newman

Definition

Barnett Newman was an American artist and one of the key figures in the Abstract Expressionist movement, known for his Color Field paintings that emphasize vast expanses of color and minimalism. He played a significant role in defining the New York School, contributing to the evolution of modern art through his innovative approach that explored concepts of existentialism and spirituality.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Newman's most famous work, 'Vir Heroicus Sublimis', is celebrated for its striking use of red and dramatic scale, which invites viewer engagement.
2. He was instrumental in discussions about the role of art in society, arguing that art should evoke a spiritual experience and reflect human existence.
3. Newman utilized a technique called 'zip' to create tension within his paintings, giving a sense of movement and depth that invites contemplation.
4. His works often explore themes of transcendence and existentialism, reflecting his interest in philosophy and human experience.
5. Newman was involved in the New York School alongside other prominent artists like Mark Rothko and Jackson Pollock, helping to establish New York City as the center of the art world post-World War II.

Review Questions

• How did Barnett Newman contribute to the development of Abstract Expressionism and what are some key characteristics of his work?
  • Barnett Newman played a crucial role in the Abstract Expressionist movement by focusing on Color Field painting and exploring themes of existentialism. His works are characterized by vast expanses of color and the use of his signature 'zip,' which adds visual tension. Newman's approach emphasized the emotional power of color and sought to create a spiritual experience for viewers, positioning him as an influential figure alongside artists like Jackson Pollock.
• Analyze how Newman's concept of 'the zip' serves as a defining feature in his artwork and its significance in the context of Color Field painting.
  • 'The zip' is a pivotal element in Barnett Newman's paintings, acting as a vertical division that not only organizes color but also represents deeper philosophical concepts. This feature challenges traditional composition by creating tension between vast fields of color, inviting viewers to engage with the artwork on a more profound level. The significance of 'the zip' lies in its ability to evoke emotional responses while symbolizing existential themes central to Newman's artistic vision.
• Evaluate the impact Barnett Newman had on the New York School and modern art as a whole, particularly regarding his philosophical influences.
  • Barnett Newman significantly shaped the New York School and modern art through his innovative ideas and philosophical influences. His exploration of existentialism and spirituality pushed boundaries in art, encouraging other artists to reflect these themes in their work. Newman's insistence on art as a vehicle for profound human experience contributed to redefining artistic expression in post-World War II America, paving the way for future movements that prioritized emotion and abstraction over representation.

Related terms

Color Field Painting:

A style of abstract painting characterized by large areas of a single color or a limited palette, often conveying emotional resonance and emphasizing color's power.

The Zip: A signature element in Newman's work, the Zip is a vertical line or band that divides large fields of color, symbolizing a sense of depth and existential exploration.

Abstract Expressionism: An art movement that emerged in the mid-20th century, characterized by spontaneous, automatic, or subconscious creation, focusing on emotional intensity and abstraction.