Cecil Rhodes

Definition

Cecil Rhodes was a British imperialist, businessman, and politician in Southern Africa during the late 19th century, known for his role in the expansion of British territory and influence. He believed in the superiority of the Anglo-Saxon race and sought to establish a 'Cape to Cairo' railway, connecting British colonies across Africa, which represented his vision for imperial expansion and economic exploitation.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cecil Rhodes founded the De Beers diamond company in 1888, which became a major force in the diamond industry and significantly impacted the economy of Southern Africa.
2. He served as Prime Minister of the Cape Colony from 1890 to 1896, implementing policies that favored British expansion and control over local populations.
3. Rhodes was a strong advocate for the idea of 'White Man's Burden,' believing it was the duty of Europeans to civilize and govern non-European societies.
4. His efforts to expand British control led to tensions with local tribes and European settlers, contributing to conflicts such as the Jameson Raid, which aimed to overthrow the Boer government.
5. Cecil Rhodes' legacy is controversial; he is often criticized for his imperialist views and policies that led to significant suffering among African populations.

Review Questions

• How did Cecil Rhodes' vision for a 'Cape to Cairo' railway reflect the motivations behind British imperialism?
  • Cecil Rhodes' ambition for a 'Cape to Cairo' railway illustrated key motivations of British imperialism, including economic exploitation and territorial expansion. By proposing this railway, Rhodes aimed to connect British colonies across Africa, enhancing trade routes and solidifying British control over valuable resources. His vision showcased a belief in the superiority of British culture and the perceived need to civilize other nations, encapsulating the broader ideologies driving imperial pursuits during this era.
• Discuss the impact of Cecil Rhodes’ policies on local populations in Southern Africa during his time as Prime Minister.
  • Cecil Rhodes' policies during his tenure as Prime Minister significantly affected local populations by prioritizing British interests over native rights. His administration often implemented discriminatory laws that marginalized African communities, disrupting their traditional lands and economies. Additionally, his aggressive expansionism fostered tensions between colonial authorities and indigenous groups, leading to conflicts that further entrenched inequalities and fostered resentment toward colonial rule.
• Evaluate how Cecil Rhodes' legacy has influenced contemporary views on imperialism and colonialism in Africa.
  • Cecil Rhodes' legacy continues to shape contemporary discussions on imperialism and colonialism in Africa, as he symbolizes both the ambitions of European powers and the resulting exploitation faced by African societies. His actions are frequently scrutinized for their long-term impacts on social structures, economies, and political landscapes within African nations. The debate surrounding his legacy reflects broader questions about accountability for colonial atrocities and the ongoing consequences of imperialistic ideologies that persist today.

Related terms

British Imperialism: The policy of extending British power and influence through colonization, military force, or other means, particularly prominent during the 19th century.

Cape to Cairo Railway: A proposed railway project intended to connect British colonies from Cape Colony in South Africa to Cairo in Egypt, symbolizing Rhodes' vision of uniting British territories in Africa.

Boer War: A conflict between the British Empire and two Boer republics (the South African Republic and the Orange Free State) from 1899 to 1902, partly fueled by Rhodes' ambitions in Southern Africa.