Terrestrial invasives

Definition

Terrestrial invasives are non-native plant, animal, or microbial species that establish themselves in terrestrial ecosystems, often causing harm to native species, ecosystems, and human activities. These species typically outcompete local flora and fauna for resources, disrupt ecological balance, and can lead to significant economic impacts due to their invasive nature. Understanding the control and management of these species is crucial for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem health.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Terrestrial invasives can alter habitats by outcompeting native species for light, nutrients, and water, often leading to reduced biodiversity.
2. Examples of terrestrial invasive species include kudzu, Japanese knotweed, and Burmese pythons, each impacting their ecosystems differently.
3. Control methods for terrestrial invasives include mechanical removal, chemical herbicides, and biological control agents.
4. Invasive species can have significant economic impacts, including increased costs for land management and loss of agricultural productivity.
5. The spread of terrestrial invasives is often facilitated by human activities such as trade, travel, and landscape alteration.

Review Questions

• What strategies can be employed to manage terrestrial invasive species effectively?
  • Effective management of terrestrial invasive species involves a combination of strategies, including mechanical removal to physically eliminate invaders, chemical treatments using herbicides or pesticides to control populations, and biological control which introduces natural predators or pathogens. Integrated approaches that combine these methods are often the most successful in reducing the impact of invasives while promoting recovery of native species. Additionally, public awareness campaigns can help prevent the introduction of new invasives.
• Discuss the ecological consequences of terrestrial invasives on native biodiversity.
  • Terrestrial invasives can lead to significant ecological consequences by outcompeting native species for essential resources such as sunlight, water, and nutrients. This competition can result in declines or extinctions of native species, ultimately reducing overall biodiversity within the ecosystem. Moreover, invasives can alter habitat structures and nutrient cycling processes, making it more challenging for native flora and fauna to thrive. The loss of biodiversity disrupts ecosystem services that are vital for human well-being and environmental stability.
• Evaluate the role of biosecurity measures in preventing the spread of terrestrial invasives and their long-term effects on ecosystems.
  • Biosecurity measures play a crucial role in preventing the introduction and spread of terrestrial invasives by implementing protocols that monitor and restrict movement of potentially harmful organisms. These measures can include inspections at ports of entry, public education campaigns about the risks associated with invasive species, and strict regulations on trade and transport of certain plants and animals. By effectively minimizing the risk of invasives establishing in new areas, biosecurity efforts help maintain healthy ecosystems, protect native biodiversity, and mitigate long-term economic impacts associated with invasion.

Related terms

Invasive Species: Species that are introduced to a new environment and cause harm to the ecosystem, economy, or human health.

Biodiversity: The variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem, which is often threatened by the presence of invasive species.

Biosecurity: Measures taken to prevent the introduction and spread of harmful organisms, including terrestrial invasives, to protect ecosystems and human health.