Extinction of native species

Definition

The extinction of native species refers to the complete disappearance of a species that is originally found in a specific geographic area. This phenomenon often results from a combination of factors such as habitat loss, invasive species introduction, climate change, and human activities. The loss of native species can disrupt local ecosystems, alter food webs, and diminish biodiversity, making it a critical issue in understanding biological and ecological exchanges.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Extinction rates have accelerated due to human activities, with estimates suggesting that current rates are 100 to 1,000 times higher than natural background rates.
2. The loss of native species can lead to significant changes in ecosystem functions, as each species plays a unique role in maintaining ecological balance.
3. Conservation efforts often focus on protecting native species by addressing the threats posed by habitat destruction and invasive species.
4. Pollinators, many of which are native species, are critical for the reproduction of plants and the production of food; their extinction can severely impact agriculture.
5. The extinction of keystone species can lead to trophic cascades, where the loss of one species affects multiple others and disrupts the entire ecosystem.

Review Questions

• How does the extinction of native species impact local ecosystems?
  • The extinction of native species significantly impacts local ecosystems by disrupting food webs and altering ecological interactions. Each native species typically has specific roles such as pollination or predation that contribute to the stability and health of the ecosystem. When a native species goes extinct, these roles are left unfilled, leading to imbalances that can affect other species and overall biodiversity.
• Evaluate the relationship between invasive species and the extinction of native species.
  • Invasive species often outcompete native species for resources such as food and habitat, leading to declines or extinctions among the latter. The introduction of invasive species can upset established ecological balances, causing native plants and animals to struggle for survival. Understanding this relationship is crucial for developing effective conservation strategies aimed at protecting native biodiversity from the threats posed by invasive organisms.
• Synthesize the implications of native species extinction on global biodiversity and ecological health.
  • The extinction of native species has profound implications for global biodiversity and ecological health. It reduces genetic diversity within ecosystems, making them more vulnerable to environmental changes and diseases. Additionally, it can lead to the loss of ecosystem services that are vital for human survival, such as clean air, water purification, and climate regulation. By recognizing these connections, we can better appreciate the importance of conserving native species as integral components of healthy ecosystems.

Related terms

Invasive Species: Non-native species that spread widely in a new habitat, often causing harm to the environment, economy, or human health.

Biodiversity: The variety of life in a particular ecosystem, including the number of species and genetic diversity within those species.

Habitat Destruction: The process in which natural habitats are altered or destroyed, leading to loss of biodiversity and extinction of species.