Larynx

Definition

The larynx, commonly known as the voice box, is a crucial structure in the respiratory system located between the pharynx and the trachea. It plays a key role in sound production, protection of the airway during swallowing, and regulating airflow to the lungs. Comprised of cartilage, muscles, and ligaments, the larynx contains the vocal cords which vibrate to produce sound when air is expelled from the lungs.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The larynx is composed of three main cartilages: the thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple), cricoid cartilage, and arytenoid cartilages.
2. It serves not only for phonation but also acts as a protective mechanism to prevent aspiration by closing during swallowing.
3. The laryngeal muscles can adjust tension in the vocal cords, allowing for variations in pitch and volume during speech.
4. Innervation to the larynx is primarily provided by the vagus nerve, specifically through its recurrent laryngeal branch.
5. Disruption or damage to the larynx can lead to voice disorders or loss of voice, highlighting its essential role in communication.

Review Questions

• How does the structure of the larynx facilitate both sound production and airway protection?
  • The larynx's structure includes vocal cords that vibrate when air passes through, enabling sound production. Simultaneously, it contains muscles that help close off the airway during swallowing, which protects against aspiration. This dual functionality is vital for both communication and safe breathing.
• Discuss how changes in tension of the vocal cords within the larynx can affect speech production.
  • Changes in tension of the vocal cords are controlled by intrinsic laryngeal muscles. When these muscles contract or relax, they alter the length and tension of the vocal cords. Increased tension results in higher pitch sounds, while decreased tension produces lower pitches. This mechanism allows for a wide range of vocalizations and contributes to speech clarity.
• Evaluate the implications of laryngeal damage on both respiratory function and communication abilities.
  • Damage to the larynx can severely impact both respiratory function and communication abilities. If the larynx cannot adequately protect the airway, there is an increased risk of aspiration and respiratory complications. Additionally, if vocal cords are damaged or paralyzed, individuals may experience hoarseness or complete loss of voice, limiting their ability to communicate effectively. Thus, preserving laryngeal integrity is essential for overall health.

Related terms

vocal cords: The two folds of tissue in the larynx that vibrate to produce sound as air passes through them.

trachea: The tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs, serving as a passage for air.

epiglottis: A flap of tissue that covers the opening of the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway.