Galois refers to a concept in mathematics, particularly in field theory and algebra, named after Évariste Galois. It represents the connection between field extensions and group theory, particularly focusing on the symmetries of the roots of polynomials. This concept is crucial for understanding how certain equations can be solved by radicals and lays the groundwork for exploring deeper structures, such as those found in elliptic curves over prime fields and their applications to Diophantine equations.
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