Voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) are electronic circuits that generate a periodic waveform, typically a sine, square, or triangular wave, where the frequency of the output signal is directly proportional to an input voltage. VCOs play a crucial role in electronic music and synthesis by allowing musicians and sound designers to create a variety of sounds that can be modulated in real-time. They are integral to synthesizers, helping to shape the tonal characteristics of sounds through frequency modulation.
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