The permeability of free space, denoted as \( \mu_0 \), is a fundamental physical constant that describes how a magnetic field interacts with the vacuum of space. It plays a critical role in electromagnetism, specifically in the equations that describe the behavior of magnetic fields and their relation to electric currents. This constant helps define how strong a magnetic field will be in free space due to an electric current, establishing foundational relationships for various electromagnetic phenomena.
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