Corona discharge

Definition

Corona discharge is a process where a high voltage creates a conductive region of ionized air around a conductor, resulting in the emission of light, sound, and electrical energy. This phenomenon occurs when the electric field strength around a conductor exceeds a certain threshold, leading to localized ionization of air molecules. It is important to understand how corona discharge can contribute to electrostatic discharge (ESD) issues in electronic devices and systems.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Corona discharge typically occurs at high voltages, usually greater than about 30 kV, where the electric field around the conductor becomes intense enough to ionize air molecules.
2. This phenomenon can lead to energy loss as some energy is dissipated in the form of light and sound, which can negatively affect the efficiency of electrical systems.
3. In power transmission lines, corona discharge can cause radio interference and signal distortion, which is especially problematic in communication systems.
4. The presence of moisture, pollution, or sharp edges on conductors can increase the likelihood of corona discharge by enhancing the electric field strength around those areas.
5. Preventive measures against corona discharge include designing conductors with smooth surfaces and using shielding techniques to reduce high electric field gradients.

Review Questions

• How does corona discharge relate to electrostatic discharge (ESD) and what impact does it have on electronic devices?
  • Corona discharge is a type of phenomenon that can initiate electrostatic discharge (ESD) by ionizing the surrounding air. When high voltages are present, corona discharge can lead to unintended ESD events that may damage sensitive electronic components. This connection highlights the importance of managing electrical environments to prevent both corona discharge and subsequent ESD occurrences that could compromise device integrity.
• Evaluate the factors that increase the likelihood of corona discharge in power transmission systems and their implications.
  • Factors such as high voltage levels, environmental conditions like humidity and pollution, and the physical characteristics of conductors (like sharp edges) can significantly increase the likelihood of corona discharge in power transmission systems. These factors not only promote ionization but can also lead to energy losses and create radio frequency interference. Understanding these implications is crucial for designing more reliable and efficient electrical systems.
• Propose strategies to mitigate corona discharge in electrical installations and discuss their effectiveness.
  • Strategies to mitigate corona discharge include smoothing conductor surfaces, using insulators with higher dielectric strengths, and implementing shielding techniques. These approaches effectively reduce electric field intensity around conductors and minimize potential ionization of air. By incorporating these strategies into system designs, engineers can enhance performance reliability while preventing energy losses and electromagnetic interference associated with corona discharge.

Related terms

Ionization: The process of adding or removing electrons from an atom or molecule, resulting in the formation of ions.

Electrostatic discharge (ESD): The sudden flow of electricity between two electrically charged objects caused by contact, an electrical short, or dielectric breakdown.

Dielectric breakdown: The failure of an insulating material to withstand electric field strength, causing it to become conductive.