Developmental State

Definition

A developmental state is a government that actively intervenes in the economy to promote industrialization and economic growth, prioritizing long-term national development goals over short-term political gains. This approach often involves creating favorable conditions for investment, supporting key industries, and fostering education and innovation, all while maintaining a certain level of political control. Developmental states are typically characterized by a strong bureaucratic apparatus that is effective in implementing policies aimed at economic transformation.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Developmental states often exhibit strong leadership with a focus on strategic planning for economic growth, as seen in countries like South Korea and Taiwan during the late 20th century.
2. These states typically prioritize investments in infrastructure, education, and technology to enhance their competitive edge in the global market.
3. The concept of a developmental state challenges the notion that democracy is essential for economic growth, as many successful developmental states have operated under authoritarian regimes.
4. Developmental states utilize targeted policies to protect and nurture emerging industries, often through subsidies and trade barriers to support local businesses.
5. The success of developmental states is often attributed to their ability to balance state control with market forces, facilitating collaboration between the government and private sector.

Review Questions

• How does the concept of a developmental state differ from traditional views of governance in economic development?
  • The concept of a developmental state differs from traditional views by emphasizing active state intervention in the economy rather than relying solely on market forces. While conventional approaches may advocate for minimal government involvement, developmental states prioritize long-term planning and strategic investment in key sectors. This model allows for focused economic transformation, which contrasts with more laissez-faire economic policies.
• What role does bureaucratic autonomy play in the effectiveness of a developmental state?
  • Bureaucratic autonomy is crucial for the effectiveness of a developmental state as it allows government agencies to implement policies without excessive political interference. When bureaucracies can operate independently, they can pursue long-term economic strategies efficiently and adaptively. This autonomy helps ensure that developmental goals are met even amidst changing political landscapes, ultimately contributing to sustained economic growth.
• Evaluate the implications of the developmental state model on democratic governance and civil liberties.
  • The developmental state model raises important questions about the relationship between economic growth and democratic governance. While these states have achieved significant economic success, often under authoritarian regimes, this can come at the cost of civil liberties and political freedoms. The concentration of power within the state may limit citizen participation and dissent, suggesting that while economic development can occur without democracy, it might also lead to tensions between economic priorities and individual rights.

Related terms

State-led Development: A model of economic development where the state plays a central role in guiding and controlling economic growth through policies and investment.

Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI): An economic policy aimed at reducing dependency on foreign goods by promoting domestic production of industrial goods through protectionist measures.

Bureaucratic Autonomy: The degree to which a bureaucracy can operate independently from political pressures, allowing for effective policy implementation and continuity.