The Praise of Folly

Definition

The Praise of Folly is a satirical work written by Desiderius Erasmus in 1509 that critiques various societal norms, institutions, and individuals through the voice of Folly, personified as a character. This text reflects the Northern Renaissance's emphasis on humanism, reason, and critique of established authorities such as the church and the elite, showcasing Erasmus's belief that folly often accompanies wisdom and reveals deeper truths about humanity.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Erasmus wrote The Praise of Folly during a time when Europe was experiencing significant social and political changes, setting the stage for the Reformation.
2. The text employs humor and wit to highlight the absurdities of human behavior and societal practices, making it both entertaining and thought-provoking.
3. Folly is depicted as a divine force that brings happiness and wisdom, challenging conventional views about intelligence and foolishness.
4. The Praise of Folly critiques not just the church but also scholars, politicians, and society at large, making it a broad commentary on European culture.
5. Erasmus's work influenced many later thinkers and writers, establishing a foundation for modern literary satire and encouraging critical thinking about authority.

Review Questions

• How does The Praise of Folly reflect the characteristics of Northern Renaissance humanism?
  • The Praise of Folly embodies Northern Renaissance humanism through its focus on individual thought and critical examination of societal norms. Erasmus uses the character of Folly to present ideas that challenge traditional authorities and advocate for a more rational approach to understanding humanity. This alignment with humanistic ideals is evident in how the text encourages readers to question established beliefs about wisdom and folly, promoting a deeper appreciation for human nature.
• What role does satire play in The Praise of Folly, and how does it affect its critique of society?
  • Satire is a crucial element in The Praise of Folly as it allows Erasmus to address serious issues within society in a humorous and engaging manner. By employing irony and exaggeration, he effectively critiques the foolishness inherent in various institutions like the church, while simultaneously making his points accessible to a wide audience. This method not only entertains but also provokes readers to reflect on their own behaviors and societal norms.
• Evaluate the lasting impact of The Praise of Folly on later intellectual movements, especially regarding the Reformation.
  • The Praise of Folly had a profound impact on subsequent intellectual movements by encouraging skepticism towards religious authority and promoting critical thinking. Erasmus's insights into human folly challenged prevailing doctrines within the Catholic Church, setting a tone that resonated with reformers like Martin Luther. This work helped lay the groundwork for the Reformation by highlighting the need for personal faith and integrity over blind adherence to tradition, ultimately influencing how people engaged with religion in Europe.

Related terms

Humanism: A cultural and intellectual movement of the Renaissance that emphasized the value of human beings, individualism, and the study of classical texts.

Satire: A literary technique that uses humor, irony, or exaggeration to criticize or mock individuals, institutions, or society.

Reformation: A religious movement in the 16th century that sought to reform the Catholic Church and led to the establishment of Protestant churches.