New Model Army

Definition

The New Model Army was a disciplined and effective military force created in 1645 by the Parliament of England during the English Civil War. It was established to replace the existing, less reliable armies and was pivotal in shaping the outcome of the conflict between Parliamentarians and Royalists. The army represented a shift towards professional military organization, with a focus on merit-based promotions and a commitment to the parliamentary cause.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The New Model Army was formed following the poor performance of existing royalist-aligned armies, emphasizing discipline and loyalty to Parliament.
2. It introduced a meritocratic system, allowing soldiers to rise through the ranks based on ability rather than social class or connections.
3. The army was notable for its use of innovative tactics, including effective cavalry charges and coordinated infantry formations.
4. The New Model Army played a crucial role in several key battles, including the Battle of Naseby in 1645, which was decisive for the Parliamentarians.
5. After its victory, the New Model Army's influence extended into politics, with many leaders becoming involved in the subsequent establishment of a republic under Cromwell's rule.

Review Questions

• How did the New Model Army transform military organization during the English Civil War?
  • The New Model Army transformed military organization by introducing a structure that emphasized discipline, training, and merit-based leadership. Unlike previous forces that were often poorly organized and reliant on local militias, this new army was professionally trained and operated under strict command. This change allowed for greater effectiveness on the battlefield, contributing significantly to the Parliamentarian victories during the Civil War.
• Discuss the impact of Oliver Cromwell on the development and effectiveness of the New Model Army.
  • Oliver Cromwell played a vital role in both the development and effectiveness of the New Model Army as one of its leading commanders. His emphasis on discipline and strategy transformed the army into a formidable fighting force. Cromwell's leadership during critical battles not only showcased its military prowess but also cemented his position as a central figure in Parliamentarian politics following their victories.
• Evaluate the long-term implications of the New Model Army on England's governance and political landscape after the English Civil War.
  • The long-term implications of the New Model Army on England's governance were profound, as it not only contributed to the downfall of King Charles I but also laid groundwork for future conflicts regarding authority between Parliament and monarchy. Its leaders became influential political figures, advocating for republicanism which ultimately led to Cromwell's rule as Lord Protector. This shift marked a significant change in English governance, pushing towards a more parliamentary-focused system that would influence British politics for centuries.

Related terms

English Civil War: A series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists from 1642 to 1651 over governance and authority in England.

Oliver Cromwell: A key leader of the Parliamentarian forces during the English Civil War who later became Lord Protector of England and played a significant role in establishing the New Model Army.

Parliamentarianism: The political philosophy advocating for a government system where Parliament holds supreme power, often in opposition to monarchy, which became central to the New Model Army's motivations.