American Revolution

Definition

The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that took place between 1765 and 1783, in which the Thirteen American Colonies overthrew British rule and established the United States of America. This conflict was deeply influenced by Enlightenment ideas, as colonists sought to create a government based on principles such as liberty, equality, and democracy.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The American Revolution began with rising tensions over British taxation without representation, leading to events like the Boston Tea Party in 1773.
2. Key Enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke and Montesquieu inspired revolutionary leaders to advocate for democratic governance and individual rights.
3. The revolution officially began with the battles of Lexington and Concord in April 1775 and culminated in the Treaty of Paris in 1783, which recognized American independence.
4. The ideas enshrined in the Declaration of Independence provided a philosophical foundation for not just American governance but also future democratic movements worldwide.
5. The revolution led to significant social changes, including discussions on slavery, women's rights, and the establishment of state constitutions that emphasized individual liberties.

Review Questions

• How did Enlightenment thinkers influence the ideological foundations of the American Revolution?
  • Enlightenment thinkers significantly shaped the ideological framework of the American Revolution by introducing concepts such as natural rights, social contracts, and government accountability. Philosophers like John Locke argued that individuals possess inherent rights to life, liberty, and property, which inspired colonists to challenge British authority. This emphasis on rational governance and individual freedoms culminated in revolutionary documents like the Declaration of Independence, which reflected these Enlightenment ideals.
• Discuss the role of key events leading up to the American Revolution that illustrate growing discontent among colonists against British rule.
  • Key events leading up to the American Revolution, such as the Stamp Act of 1765 and the Boston Massacre in 1770, illustrate escalating discontent among colonists. The Stamp Act imposed direct taxes on paper goods without colonial representation, igniting widespread protests. The Boston Massacre heightened tensions further when British soldiers killed five colonists during a confrontation. These events demonstrated colonists' frustrations with oppressive British policies and fostered a unified desire for independence.
• Evaluate the long-term impacts of the American Revolution on both the United States and global political movements in subsequent years.
  • The American Revolution had profound long-term impacts on both the United States and global political movements. It established a model for a republic based on democratic principles, influencing future revolutions such as the French Revolution. The ideas expressed in foundational documents like the Declaration of Independence inspired movements advocating for civil rights and self-determination around the world. Furthermore, it prompted discussions on social issues such as slavery and women's rights within the new nation, setting a precedent for ongoing struggles for equality.

Related terms

Social Contract: A theory proposed by Enlightenment thinkers, notably John Locke, suggesting that governments derive their authority from the consent of the governed, and citizens have the right to revolt against unjust rule.

Natural Rights: Fundamental rights that every individual possesses, including life, liberty, and property; a key idea articulated by Enlightenment philosophers like John Locke and heavily referenced during the American Revolution.

Declaration of Independence: A document adopted on July 4, 1776, declaring the colonies' separation from Britain and outlining the principles of individual rights and government by consent, heavily influenced by Enlightenment thought.