Abstract expressionism

Definition

Abstract expressionism is an art movement that emerged in the mid-20th century, characterized by spontaneous, automatic, or subconscious creation. It emphasizes the act of painting itself and values personal expression over representational forms, often resulting in large-scale works that evoke emotional responses from the viewer.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Abstract expressionism emerged in the 1940s and gained prominence in the 1950s, particularly in New York City.
2. Artists such as Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, and Willem de Kooning are key figures associated with the movement.
3. The movement was heavily influenced by existential philosophy and psychology, reflecting the emotional turmoil of the post-World War II era.
4. Abstract expressionism played a significant role in establishing the United States as a major center for modern art, challenging European dominance.
5. Exhibitions like 'The First Exhibition of Abstract Expressionism' helped to define and promote the movement on an international stage.

Review Questions

• How did abstract expressionism reflect the cultural and social changes of its time?
  • Abstract expressionism emerged in response to the dramatic changes and uncertainties following World War II. Artists sought to express their inner emotions and existential concerns through spontaneous and non-representational forms. This movement reflected a shift away from traditional artistic values towards a focus on personal expression, mirroring broader societal shifts toward individualism and self-exploration during this period.
• Discuss how techniques like Action Painting contributed to the overall philosophy of abstract expressionism.
  • Action Painting, characterized by vigorous brushwork and a focus on the physical act of painting, exemplifies the core philosophy of abstract expressionism. This technique emphasizes spontaneity and the artist's emotional involvement in the creation process. By prioritizing the gesture over representational accuracy, Action Painting allows viewers to engage with the raw emotion embedded in each stroke, reinforcing the movement's emphasis on subjective experience over traditional aesthetics.
• Evaluate the impact of abstract expressionism on contemporary art movements and its lasting legacy.
  • Abstract expressionism has profoundly influenced contemporary art movements by opening up new avenues for creative expression and challenging conventional artistic boundaries. Its emphasis on spontaneity and personal interpretation laid the groundwork for later movements such as Minimalism and Postmodernism. The legacy of abstract expressionism is evident in today's diverse artistic practices that continue to explore abstraction, emotionality, and individual perspective, making it a cornerstone of modern art history.

Related terms

Action Painting: A technique associated with abstract expressionism where paint is applied in a dynamic, gestural manner, emphasizing the physical act of painting.

Color Field Painting: A style within abstract expressionism that focuses on large areas of color and simple shapes to create an emotional impact.

New York School: A group of artists and critics in New York City during the 1940s and 1950s who were pivotal in developing abstract expressionism, fostering a sense of community and dialogue around this innovative art form.