Stare decisis

Definition

Stare decisis is a legal principle that means 'to stand by things decided,' and it refers to the doctrine that courts should follow precedent when making decisions. This principle helps ensure consistency and predictability in the law, as it obligates courts to adhere to previous rulings unless there is a compelling reason to overturn them. By upholding established decisions, stare decisis plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the judicial system and influences how the U.S. court system operates and interprets the law.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Stare decisis promotes stability in the legal system by ensuring that similar cases are treated similarly, which helps build public trust in the judiciary.
2. The Supreme Court often references stare decisis in its opinions, especially when considering whether to uphold or overturn past decisions.
3. While stare decisis encourages adherence to precedent, the Supreme Court has the authority to change or depart from precedent if societal needs or understandings evolve.
4. Lower courts are generally bound by the decisions of higher courts in their jurisdiction due to the principle of stare decisis.
5. Stare decisis can lead to a gradual evolution of legal interpretations as new cases are decided, potentially reflecting changing social values over time.

Review Questions

• How does stare decisis influence decision-making within the U.S. court system?
  • Stare decisis influences decision-making by compelling courts to follow established precedents when resolving cases. This creates a predictable legal environment where similar cases yield similar outcomes, fostering fairness and stability in the law. The reliance on past rulings allows judges to make informed decisions, reinforcing trust in the judicial system.
• In what ways might the Supreme Court choose to depart from stare decisis, and what implications does this have for future rulings?
  • The Supreme Court may depart from stare decisis when it determines that a previous ruling is no longer relevant or aligned with contemporary societal values. Such decisions can lead to significant shifts in legal interpretations and have far-reaching implications for future rulings, as they may pave the way for new precedents that reflect evolving attitudes toward justice and rights.
• Critically evaluate the role of stare decisis in balancing stability and flexibility within the U.S. legal system.
  • Stare decisis plays a vital role in balancing stability and flexibility within the U.S. legal system. On one hand, it provides consistency and predictability, essential for upholding the rule of law and ensuring that citizens can rely on established legal principles. On the other hand, it allows for flexibility as courts can adapt and modify precedents when necessary, reflecting changing societal norms and values. This duality enables the law to remain relevant while maintaining respect for judicial authority and established legal frameworks.

Related terms

Precedent: A legal case or decision that serves as an example or rule for future cases with similar circumstances.

Judicial Review: The power of courts to assess whether a law or government action is in accordance with the constitution.

Case Law: Law established based on judicial decisions and interpretations rather than written statutes.