Capability approach

Definition

The capability approach is a theoretical framework that focuses on individuals' abilities to achieve valuable functionings and enhance their well-being. This approach emphasizes the importance of personal freedoms, opportunities, and the resources necessary for individuals to pursue their own life choices, particularly in the context of social policy and development. By shifting the focus from traditional measures of economic growth to human capabilities, this framework addresses emerging social risks and vulnerabilities that impact people's lives.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The capability approach was developed by economist Amartya Sen and further advanced by philosopher Martha Nussbaum, highlighting the importance of assessing individual well-being beyond income levels.
2. This approach recognizes that different individuals have varying abilities to convert resources into valuable functionings due to factors like social position, health, and education.
3. In the context of emerging social risks, the capability approach provides a framework for understanding how vulnerabilities affect people's access to opportunities and resources needed to thrive.
4. The capability approach has been influential in shaping policies that focus on enhancing individuals' capabilities, rather than merely providing financial assistance or services.
5. By emphasizing empowerment and agency, this approach encourages policymakers to address systemic barriers that limit individuals' capabilities in various contexts.

Review Questions

• How does the capability approach redefine traditional metrics of development?
  • The capability approach redefines traditional metrics of development by shifting the focus from solely economic indicators, such as GDP growth, to human-centered measures that assess individuals' capabilities to lead fulfilling lives. This means considering factors like education, health, and personal freedoms rather than just financial resources. By emphasizing what people are actually able to do with their resources, it provides a more comprehensive understanding of well-being and social progress.
• Discuss how the capability approach can address emerging social risks faced by vulnerable populations.
  • The capability approach can effectively address emerging social risks faced by vulnerable populations by highlighting their unique needs and barriers. It recognizes that different groups may encounter specific challenges that hinder their capabilities, such as discrimination or lack of access to education and healthcare. By focusing on enhancing individual capabilities and providing necessary resources, policymakers can create targeted interventions that empower these groups and mitigate vulnerabilities.
• Evaluate the implications of adopting the capability approach for future social policies aimed at reducing inequality.
  • Adopting the capability approach for future social policies has significant implications for reducing inequality. It shifts the focus from mere economic redistribution to enhancing individuals' abilities to achieve valued outcomes. This means creating inclusive systems that provide equitable access to education, healthcare, and opportunities for personal development. By fostering an environment where everyone can build their capabilities regardless of background or circumstances, social policies can more effectively tackle systemic inequalities and promote overall societal well-being.

Related terms

Functionings: Functionings refer to the various things a person may value doing or being, such as being healthy, being educated, or participating in community life.

Well-being: Well-being encompasses the overall quality of life experienced by individuals, which includes physical, mental, and social aspects.

Social Justice: Social justice pertains to the fair distribution of resources, opportunities, and privileges within a society, ensuring that all individuals have the chance to achieve their potential.