Vocal cords

Definition

Vocal cords, also known as vocal folds, are two bands of muscle tissue located in the larynx (voice box) that vibrate to produce sound when air from the lungs passes through them. They play a crucial role in the production of speech and singing, as well as in protecting the airway during swallowing. The tension and length of the vocal cords can be adjusted to create different pitches and volumes, making them essential for various vocalizations.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Vocal cords are composed of several layers, including an outer layer of epithelium, a layer of lamina propria made up of three sub-layers, and a muscle layer called the thyroarytenoid muscle.
2. The pitch of the sound produced by the vocal cords is determined by their length and tension; shorter, tighter vocal cords produce higher pitches, while longer, looser ones create lower pitches.
3. The vocal cords are controlled by various muscles that adjust their position and tension, allowing for a wide range of sounds and vocal styles.
4. In addition to sound production, the vocal cords help protect the airway by closing off during swallowing to prevent food and liquid from entering the lungs.
5. Conditions such as laryngitis or nodules on the vocal cords can lead to voice changes or loss, highlighting their sensitivity to overuse or strain.

Review Questions

• How do vocal cords contribute to the production of sound in human speech?
  • Vocal cords contribute to sound production by vibrating when air from the lungs passes through them. This process is called phonation. By adjusting their tension and length, the vocal cords can create various pitches and volumes, allowing for a wide range of vocal expressions used in speech and singing.
• Discuss the role of the larynx in relation to the vocal cords and its importance in both sound production and airway protection.
  • The larynx houses the vocal cords and serves as a critical structure for sound production. During phonation, air travels from the lungs through the larynx, causing the vocal cords to vibrate. Additionally, the larynx acts as a protective mechanism for the airway; it closes off during swallowing to prevent food or liquid from entering the trachea, thereby safeguarding respiratory health while also allowing for effective communication.
• Evaluate how changes in tension and length of the vocal cords affect vocal performance in terms of pitch and volume.
  • Changes in tension and length of the vocal cords directly impact both pitch and volume during vocal performance. When musicians or speakers increase tension and shorten their vocal cords, they produce higher pitches. Conversely, relaxing these muscles allows for lower pitches. Moreover, increased air pressure can amplify sound volume; thus, controlling these variables is crucial for effective singing or speaking, demonstrating how vital vocal cord function is in communication and artistic expression.

Related terms

Larynx: The larynx is the organ located in the neck that houses the vocal cords and is responsible for sound production, as well as protecting the trachea against food aspiration.

Phonation: Phonation refers to the process of sound production in humans, which occurs when air from the lungs causes the vocal cords to vibrate, creating sound waves.

Articulation: Articulation involves the movement of the tongue, lips, and other speech organs to form sounds into recognizable speech and is essential for clear communication.