Viral envelope

Definition

A viral envelope is a lipid bilayer surrounding some viruses, derived from portions of the host cell membranes. It contains viral proteins essential for infecting host cells.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The viral envelope helps viruses evade the host's immune system.
2. It is acquired during viral replication or release from the host cell.
3. Enveloped viruses are generally more sensitive to environmental factors like detergents and heat.
4. Common examples of enveloped viruses include HIV and influenza virus.
5. The proteins in the viral envelope play crucial roles in binding to and entering host cells.

Review Questions

• What is the primary function of a viral envelope?
• How do enveloped viruses typically acquire their envelopes?
• Name two examples of enveloped viruses.

Related terms

Capsid: The protein shell that encloses the viral genome, providing protection and shape.

Host Cell: The living cell in which a virus replicates.

Glycoproteins: Proteins on the surface of the viral envelope that facilitate entry into host cells by binding to specific receptors.