Thalamus

Definition

The thalamus is a small structure within the brain located just above the brainstem. It acts as a relay station, transmitting sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The thalamus processes sensory information except for smell before it reaches the cerebral cortex.
2. It plays a critical role in regulating sleep, alertness, and consciousness.
3. Damage to the thalamus can result in sensory deficits, movement disorders, or coma.
4. The thalamus contains multiple nuclei, each responsible for relaying different types of sensory and motor signals.
5. It also has connections with the limbic system, which is involved in emotion and memory.

Review Questions

• What primary function does the thalamus serve in the brain?
• Which type of sensory information does not pass through the thalamus?
• How could damage to the thalamus affect a person's neurological functions?

Related terms

cerebralCortex: The outer layer of neural tissue of the cerebrum, involved in many higher-order brain functions like thought and action.

brainstem: The lower part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord and controls vital life functions such as breathing and heart rate.

limbicSystem: A complex system within the brain that supports various functions including emotion, behavior, long-term memory, and olfaction.