Subduction

Definition

Subduction is the process by which one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the Earth's mantle. This process is critical for recycling Earth's crust and influences geological and biological processes on the surface.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Subduction zones are often associated with volcanic activity due to the melting of the subducted plate.
2. This process plays a significant role in the carbon cycle by transporting carbon-rich sediments deep into the Earth.
3. Subduction zones can create deep ocean trenches, some of the deepest parts of the ocean.
4. Earthquakes frequently occur in subduction zones due to the immense pressure and friction between colliding plates.
5. The Andes Mountains in South America are an example of a mountain range formed by subduction.

Review Questions

• What geological features are commonly formed at subduction zones?
• How does subduction influence biogeochemical cycles such as the carbon cycle?
• Why are earthquakes common in regions where subduction occurs?

Related terms

Plate Tectonics: A scientific theory that describes the large-scale motions of Earth's lithosphere.

Mantle: The thick layer of rock below Earth's crust, involved in plate tectonic movements and convection currents.

Volcanism: The eruption of molten rock (magma) onto the surface, often associated with subduction zones.