Salivary glands

Definition

Salivary glands are exocrine glands in the mouth that produce saliva, which contains enzymes that initiate the digestion of food. They also help in lubricating and cleansing the oral cavity.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. There are three major pairs of salivary glands: parotid, submandibular, and sublingual.
2. Saliva produced by these glands contains the enzyme amylase, which starts the breakdown of carbohydrates.
3. The parotid glands are located near the ears, the submandibular glands under the jaw, and the sublingual glands under the tongue.
4. In addition to enzymes, saliva contains mucus, electrolytes, and antibacterial compounds.
5. Salivary gland secretion is controlled by both autonomic nervous system branches: parasympathetic stimulation increases secretion while sympathetic stimulation decreases it.

Review Questions

• What are the names and locations of the three major pairs of salivary glands?
• Which enzyme found in saliva begins carbohydrate digestion?
• How does parasympathetic stimulation affect salivary gland secretion?

Related terms

Amylase: an enzyme found in saliva that breaks down starches into sugars

Exocrine Glands: glands that release their secretions through ducts to an epithelial surface; includes salivary glands

Autonomic Nervous System: part of the nervous system responsible for control of bodily functions not consciously directed, such as heart rate and digestion