Recombinant proteins

Definition

Recombinant proteins are proteins that are genetically engineered in laboratories by inserting the gene encoding the protein of interest into an expression system. This technique allows for large-scale production and purification of specific proteins.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Recombinant proteins are often produced using bacterial, yeast, or mammalian cell cultures as expression systems.
2. They are widely used in medicine, for example in the production of insulin and vaccines.
3. The process involves cloning the gene of interest into a plasmid vector which is then introduced into host cells.
4. Recombinant protein technology has revolutionized research and therapeutic applications by providing a consistent and scalable source of proteins.
5. Purification methods such as affinity chromatography are commonly used to isolate recombinant proteins from host cell contaminants.

Review Questions

• What is a recombinant protein and how is it produced?
• Name three types of expression systems used to produce recombinant proteins.
• How has recombinant protein technology impacted medical treatments?

Related terms

Cloning: The process of creating identical copies of DNA fragments, cells, or organisms.

Plasmid Vector: A small circular DNA molecule used to transfer genetic material into a host cell.

Affinity Chromatography: A method for purifying proteins by exploiting specific interactions between the protein and a solid matrix.