Polypeptide

Definition

A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Polypeptides fold into specific structures to form proteins, which are essential for various biological functions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Polypeptides are formed through dehydration synthesis where water is released during bond formation.
2. The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide determines its final structure and function.
3. Polypeptides can vary greatly in length, from a few amino acids to thousands.
4. Enzymes are proteins made up of one or more polypeptides that catalyze biochemical reactions.
5. Mutations in the DNA sequence can lead to changes in the polypeptide sequence, potentially altering protein function.

Review Questions

• What type of bond links amino acids together in a polypeptide?
• How does the sequence of amino acids affect a polypeptide's function?
• What biological molecules are made up of one or more polypeptides?

Related terms

Amino Acid: The building blocks of proteins, containing an amino group, carboxyl group, and a side chain.

Peptide Bond: A covalent bond that forms between two amino acids during protein synthesis.

Protein Folding: The process by which a polypeptide folds into its three-dimensional structure necessary for its function.