Pituitary gland

Definition

The pituitary gland is a small, pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain. It is often called the 'master gland' because it regulates various other endocrine glands in the body.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The pituitary gland has two main parts: the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe, each releasing different hormones.
2. The anterior lobe produces hormones such as growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
3. The posterior lobe releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which are produced in the hypothalamus.
4. It plays a crucial role in regulating growth, metabolism, and reproductive functions through its hormone secretion.
5. Dysfunction of the pituitary gland can lead to disorders like gigantism, dwarfism, and diabetes insipidus.

Review Questions

• What are the two main parts of the pituitary gland and what do they release?
• Why is the pituitary gland referred to as the 'master gland'?
• What are some disorders associated with pituitary gland dysfunction?

Related terms

Hypothalamus: A region of the brain that controls functions such as hunger, thirst, and body temperature; it also produces hormones that regulate the pituitary gland.

Endocrine System: A collection of glands that produce hormones to regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood.

Hormone: Chemical substances produced in glands that travel through the bloodstream to tissues or organs to regulate bodily functions.