Phagocytosis

Definition

Phagocytosis is a type of active transport where a cell engulfs large particles or other cells. This process involves the cell membrane wrapping around the particle to form a phagosome that is then internalized and digested by the cell.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Phagocytosis is an essential mechanism used by immune cells like macrophages to remove pathogens.
2. The process requires energy in the form of ATP, classifying it as active transport.
3. Phagosomes fuse with lysosomes to form phagolysosomes, where digestion of engulfed materials occurs.
4. It plays a critical role in both innate and adaptive immunity by clearing out cellular debris and foreign particles.
5. Receptors on the cell surface recognize and bind to particles before engulfment during phagocytosis.

Review Questions

• What type of transport is involved in phagocytosis?
• How do cells digest the material they engulf during phagocytosis?
• Why is phagocytosis important for the immune system?

Related terms

Endocytosis: A general term for processes where cells ingest external material by enveloping it with their membrane.

Pinocytosis: A form of endocytosis where cells ingest extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.

Lysosome: An organelle containing digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.